South Carolina Trust
and Estate Law Blog

What do you do if you find yourself a widow(er) and come to find out that your spouse did not mention you in his/her Last Will?

To answer the question, you need to first determine whether the Will was executed before your date of marriage or after. If it was executed before your marriage, you are termed an omitted spouse, and pursuant to S.C. Code Section 62-2-301, you are entitled to receive your intestate share in the estate, notwithstanding that the Last Will says otherwise. (Click here to determine what your intestate share would be.)

If you are an omitted spouse, you must file a written claim with the Probate Court and to the personal representative within eight months after the date of death or six months after the probate of the Last Will, whichever period last expires. You will not be considered an omitted spouse if, however, the will appears to have intentionally omitted you, or your spouse has otherwise provided for you through other assets, such as life insurance, joint bank accounts, etc.

If you are not an omitted spouse under the law, you have the right to elect to receive a one third share of the probate estate, notwithstanding that the will says otherwise. (S.C. Code 62-2-201). The probate estate is defined to include all assets passing by will plus by intestacy, less funeral and administration expenses, and claims. (S.C. Code 62-2-202).

For elective share purposes, the probate estate will also include assets held in a revocable trust. Seifert v. Southern Nat. Bank of South Carolina, 305 S.C. 353 (1991). This is so because grantors of revocable trusts tend to remain in control of their assets, often serving as the trustee and beneficiary during their lifetimes, with full power to revoke the trust or otherwise direct where the assets will go. Such arrangments are considered illusory (for elective share purposes only) and will not be protected from the surviving spouse’s right of election.

To make a claim for elective share, the surviving spouse, his attorney in fact (or a court in the case of a protected person) must, during the surviving spouse’s lifetime, file a written petition for elective share with the Probate Court and the personal representative, within eight months after the date of death or six months after the probate of the Last Will, whichever period last expires.

Now that we have gone over some of the basics of the omitted spouse and the right of election, tune in next time for a discussion of what some unscrupulous people will do to be able to claim an elective share in an estate, and why sometimes it works.      

Like any decent lawyer, I need to add a disclaimer here: unfortunately, it is impossible to offer comprehensive legal advice over the internet, no matter how well researched or written. And remember, reviewing this website and my blogs doesn’t make you a client of my Firm: before relying on any information given on this site, please contact a legal professional to discuss your particular situation.

In Verenes v. Alvanos, (Op. No. 26780, S.C. Supreme Court, filed March 1, 2010), the South Carolina Supreme Court took up the right to jury trial in Probate Court. The case involved claims made against a trustee for breach of fiduciary duty of care, breach of fiduciary duty of loyalty, and for an accounting.The various reliefs requested were for surcharge of the trustee, disgorgement of commissions and profits, and for an account. The trustee sought a trial by jury, the probate court denied his request. Here’s why.

The U.S. and S.C. Constitutions hold the right to jury trial in high esteem, the right is a fundamental one. However, you are not entitled to a jury trial in all cases. The right to trial by jury attaches to actions at law. However, the right to trial by jury does not attach in cases in equity. An action at law is typically a case for money damages. An action for a breach of fiduciary duty is typically an action in equity, however, the court notes that it has been held that an action for breach of fiduciary duty could also be an action at law.

How do you draw the distinction? The Court looks to the remedies requested. In this case, the remedies sought included surcharge, disgorgement, and an accounting. These remedies fall squarely within the equity jurisdiction. Equity jurisdiction does not support a request for a jury trial. Thus, no right to a jury trial for the appellant here.